In GWTG-HF, GDMT was prescribed in only 33% of CKD 2, 25% of CKD 3a, 15% of CKD 3b, 5% of CKD 4-5 patients with HF
Patel (2021, JACC)
In BIOSTAT-CHF, kidney disease was the most common reason for not uptitrating GDMT
Ouwerkerk (2017, EHJ)
In IMPROVE HF, patients with worse kidney disease were less likely to receive all GDMT except for ICDs
Heywood (2010, Am J Cardiol)
52% of HF/ACS trials excluded patients based on serum creatinine levels, and 10% excluded on eGFR
Konstantinidis (2016, JAMA IM)
Reduction in eGFR is independently associated with increased risk of death and cardiovascular events
Go (2004, NEJM)
In GWTG-HF, GDMT was prescribed in only 3% of ESKD patients with HF
Patel (2021, JACC)
GUIDE-IT showed that GDMT adjustments were only made in 54.6% of qualified visits
Fiuzat (2020, JAMA Cardiology)
CKD portends independent additional risk for mortality in HF
Damman (2014, EHJ)